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@book{Chomsky1965,
  	title = {Aspects of the Theory of Syntax},
  	publisher = {MIT Press},
  	year = {1965},
  	author = {Chomsky, Noam},
  	address = {Cambridge, MA}
}

@book{chomsky-halle-1968,
	Author = {Chomsky, Noam and Halle, Morris},
	Date-Added = {2015-06-19 05:52:18 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2015-06-19 05:53:30 +0000},
	Publisher = {Harper and Row},
	Address={New York, Evanston, and London},
	Title = {The Sound Pattern of English},
	Year = {1968}}
	
@article{heinz2013,
	Author = {Heinz, Jeffrey and Idsardi, William James},
	Date-Added = {2015-03-01 00:23:30 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2015-03-01 00:23:30 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1111/tops.12000},
	Journal = {Topics in Cognitive Sciences},
	Keywords = {phonology, syntax, acquisition, computational linguistics, computational complexity},
	Month = {January},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {111-131},
	Title = {What Complexity Differences Reveal About Domains in Language},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tops.12000}
}

@article{hayes-wilson-2008,
	Author = {Hayes, Bruce and Wilson, Colin},
	Date-Added = {2015-06-19 06:28:36 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2015-06-19 06:30:19 +0000},
	Journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
	Pages = {379-440},
	Title = {A maximum entropy model of phonotactics and phonotactic learning},
	Volume = {39},
	Year = {2008}}
	
@phdthesis{borowsky1986,
	address = {Amherst, MA, USA},
	type = {Ph.{D}. {Dissertation}},
	title = {Topics in the lexical phonology of {English}},
	school = {University of Massachusetts},
	author = {Borowsky, Toni},
	year = {1986},
	url = {https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI8701140/}
}

@article{borowsky1989,
author = {Borowsky, Toni},
title = {Structure preservation and the syllable coda in English},
year = {1989},
journal = {Natural Language and Linguistic Theory},
volume = {7},
pages = {145-166}
}

@incollection{selkirk1982,
	address = {Dordrecht},
	title = {The {Syllable}},
	booktitle = {The structure of phonological representations. {Part} 2},
	publisher = {Foris},
	author = {Selkirk, Elizabeth},
	editor = {Hulst, Harry van der and Smith, Norval},
	year = {1982},
	pages = {337--383}
}

@phdthesis{Kahn1976,
	type = {Ph.{D}. {Dissertation}},
	title = {Syllable-based generalizations in {English} phonology},
	school = {MIT},
	author = {Kahn, Daniel},
	year = {1976},
	url = {https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/16397}
}

@article{browmanGoldstein1988,
	title = {Some Notes on Syllable Structure in Articulatory Phonology},
	journal = {Phonetica},
	author = {Browman, Catherine P. and Goldstein, Louis},
	volume = {45},
	pages = {140--155},
	year = {1988},
	doi ={10.1159/000261823}
}

@article{Goldsteinetal2009,
 author = {Goldstein, Louis and Nam, H. and Saltzman, E. and Chitoran, I.},
 journal = {Frontiers in Phonetics and Speech Science: Festschrift for Wu Zongji},
 pages = {239--249},
 location = {Beijing},
 publisher = {Commercial Press},
 editor = {G. Fant and H. Fujisaki and J. Shen},
 title = {Coupled oscillator planning model of speech timing and syllable structure},
 year = {2009}
}

@incollection{browmanGoldstein1995,
	location = {Woodbury, {NY}},
	title = {Gestural syllable position effects in American English},
	booktitle = {Producing Speech: Contemporary Issues. For Katherine Safford Harris},
	publisher = {{AIP} Press},
	author = {Browman, Catherine P.  and Goldstein, Louis},
	editor = {Bell-Berti, F. and Raphael, L. J.},
	year = {1995}
}

@incollection{goldstein_etal_2006,
	title = {The role of vocal tract gestural action units in understanding the evolution of phonology},
	booktitle = {Action to Language vis the Mirror System},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Goldstein, Louis and Byrd, Dani and Saltzman, Elliot},
	editor = {Michael A. Arbib},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {215--249}
}

 @incollection{nam_etal2009,
	title = {Self-organization of syllable structure: A coupled oscillator model},
	booktitle = {Approaches to phonological complexity},
	publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter},
	address = {Berlin},
	author = {Nam, H. and Goldstein, Louis and Saltzman, Elliot},
	editor = {Francois Pellegrino and Egidio Marsico and Ioana Chitoran and Christophe Coup\'e},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {299--328}
}

@article{goldsteinChitoranSelkirk2007,
	author = {Louis Goldstein and Ioana Chitoran and Elisabeth Selkirk},
	title = {Syllable Structure as Coupled Oscilator Models: Evidence from Georgian vs. Tashlhiyt Berber},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 16\textsuperscript{th} International Congress of Phonetic Sciences},
	year = {2007},
	location = {Saarbr\"ucken, Germany},
	pages = {241--244}
}

@article{byrd1995,
	title = {C-Centers revisited},
	journal = {Phonetica},
	author = {Byrd, Dani},
	volume = {52},
	pages = {263--282},
	year = {1995},
	doi ={10.1159/000262183}
}

@inproceedings{shawDurvasulaKochetov2019,
author = {Shaw, Jason A. and Durvasula, Karthik and Kochetov, Alexei},
title = {The Temporal Basis of Complex Segments},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15\textsuperscript{th} {International} {Congress} of {Phonetic}, {Sciences} (ICPhS 2015)},
year = {2019},
pages = {}
}

@article{SelkirkDurvasula2013,
abstract = {There is extensive research on the organization of syllable-structure as indexed by the relative timing of the articulators (Browman and Goldstein, 1988; Byrd, 1995; Shaw et al., 2011 inter alia). The research suggests consonants in complex onsets (in words such as scream, stream{\ldots}) are aligned to a single position called the C-center, the mean of the midpoints of the onset consonants. However, such research typically uses very expensive articulatory equipment (X-ray Microbeam, Electromagnetic Articulography{\ldots}). This restricts the research to a few laboratories across the world with access to such technology. Here, we explore the possibility of using acoustic measurements, which are cheaper and more accessible, for such research. We conducted an experiment on 6 native speakers of English, who produced 12 repetitions of 24 English words (12 test, 12 filler) that varied in the number of onset consonants (C1, C1C2, C1C2C3) in three different vowel contexts. Paralleling previous studies, the results show that onset consonants align with the C-center even in acoustic measurements. The results suggest acoustic data has at least some meaningful information about gestural organization. Therefore, they prompt the (nuanced) use of acoustic techniques to study such effects.},
author = {Selkirk, E and Durvasula, K},
journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
number = {5},
pages = {4202--4202},
title = {{Acoustic correlates of consonant gesture timing in English}},
volume = {134},
year = {2013}
}

@article{ShawGafos2015,
 author = {Shaw, Jason A. and Gafos, Adamantios I.},
 journal = {PLoS One},
 pages = {e0124714},
 title = {Stochastic Time Models of Syllable Structure},
 year = {2015},
 volume = {10},
 number = {5}
}

@article{shaw_gafos_hoole_zeroual_2009, 
title={Syllabification in Moroccan Arabic: evidence from patterns of temporal stability in articulation}, 
volume={26}, 
DOI={10.1017/S0952675709001754}, 
number={1}, 
journal={Phonology}, 
publisher={Cambridge University Press}, 
author={Shaw, Jason A. and Gafos, Adamantios I. and Hoole, P. and Zeroual, C.}, 
year={2009}, 
pages={187–215}}

@article{Shawetal2011,
 author = {Shaw, Jason A. and Gafos, Adamantios I. and Hoole, P. and Zeroual, C.},
 journal = {Phonology},
 pages = {455--490},
 title = {Dynamic invariance in the phonetic expression of syllable structure: a case study of Moroccan Arabic consonant clusters},
 year = {2011},
 volume = {28},
 number = {3}
}

@article{ShawChen2018,
author = {Shaw, Jason A. and Chen, Wei-Rong},
journal = {Paper presented at the 16\textsuperscript{th} Conference on Laboratory Phonology},
location = {June 19-22, 2018, Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal},
title = {Variation in the spatial position of articulators influences the relative timing between consonants and vowels: evidence from CV timing in Mandarin Chinese},
year = {2018}
}

@article{browmanGoldstein2000,
	author = {Browman, Catherine P. and Louis Goldstein},
	title = {Competing constraints on intergestural coordination and self-organization of phonological structures},
	journal = {Bulletin de la Communication Parl\'ee},
	year = {2000},
	volume = {5},
	pages = {25--34}
}


@incollection{gafos_etal_2010,
	author = {Gafos, Adamantios I. and Philip Hoole and Kevin Roon and Chakir Zeroual},
	title = {Variation in overlap and phonological grammar in Moroccan Arabic clusters},
	booktitle = {Laboratory phonology 10},
	location = {Berlin \& New York},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	editors = {C\'ecile Fougeron, Barbara K\"uhnert, Mariapaola D’Imperio & Nathalie Vall\'ee},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {657--698}
}

@article{marinPouplier2010,
  title={Temporal organization of complex onsets and codas in American English: Testing the predictions of a gestural coupling model},
  author={Marin, Stefania and Pouplier, Marianne},
  journal={Motor Control},
  volume={14},
  number={3},
  pages={380--407},
  year={2010},
  publisher={Human Kinetics, Inc.}
}

@article{marinPouplier2014,
	author = {Marin, Stefania and Marianne Pouplier},
	title = {Articulatory synergies in the temporal organization of liquid clusters in Romanian},
	journal = {Journal of Phonetics},
	year = {2014},
	volume = {42},
	pages = {24--36}
}

@article{hermes_etal_2017,
	author = {Hermes, Anne and Doris Mücke and Bastian Auris},
	title = {The variability of syllable patterns in Tashlhiyt Berber and Polish},
	journal = {Journal of Phonetics},
	year = {2017},
	volume = {64},
	pages = {127--144}
}

@article{kuhnert_etal_2006,
	author = {K\"uhnert, Barbara and Philip Hoole and Christine Mooshammer },
	title = {Gestural overlap and C-center in selected French consonant clusters},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 7\textsuperscript{th} International Seminar on Speech Production},
	year = {2006},
	location = {Ubatuba, Brazil},
	pages = {327--334}
}

@article{dell1995,
title = "Consonant clusters and phonological syllables in French",
journal = "Lingua",
volume = "95",
number = "1",
pages = "5 - 26",
year = "1995",
note = "French Phonology",
issn = "0024-3841",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(95)90099-3",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0024384195900993",
author = "François Dell",
abstract = "This study presents an overview of consonant distribution in French words. Certain restrictions on consonant clustering are best accounted for by positing two types of rime, simple and compound. Syllables with a simple rime can occur anywhere but at the end of word. Their vowels can be followed by one consonant at most (cf., e.g., the syllable /ap/ in abstrait). Syllables with a compound rime can occur only at the end of words. A compound rime (e.g. /erdr/ in perdre) consists of a simple rime (/er/) and a syllable onset (/dr/). Other examples of compound rimes are /a.r/ in car, /u.vr/ in couvre, /ak.t/ in contact and /ek.str/ in ambidextre."
}

@article{gafos2002,
	title = {A grammar of gestural coordination},
	volume = {20},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Natural Language and Linguistic Theory},
	author = {Gafos, A.},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {269--337}
}

@article{sotiropoulou_etal_2020,
title = "Global organization in Spanish onsets",
journal = "Journal of Phonetics",
volume = "82",
pages = "100995",
year = "2020",
issn = "0095-4470",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2020.100995",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095447020300863",
author = "Stavroula Sotiropoulou and Mark Gibson and Adamantios Gafos",
keywords = "Syllables, Inter-segmental coordination, Central Peninsular Spanish, Obstruent-lateral clusters, Obstruent-rhotic clusters"
}

@article{treiman_etal_1992,
title = "The syllabification of /s/ clusters in English",
journal = "Journal of Phonetics",
volume = "20",
number = "3",
pages = "383 - 402",
year = "1992",
issn = "0095-4470",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0095-4470(19)30640-0",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095447019306400",
author = "Rebecca Treiman and Jennifer Gross and Annemarie Cwikiel-Giavin",
abstract = "Three experiments were carried out to determine how speakers of English syllabify bisyllabic nonwords with second-syllable stress and three different types of medial clusters: /s/ + stop (Type 1), /s/ + sonorant (Type 2) and obstruent + sonorant (Type 3). Because all these clusters occur at the beginnings of English words, they are usually thought to be legal onsets. According to the maximum onset principle, therefore, all three types of stimuli should be syllabified before the consonant cluster. Type 3 stimuli were typically syllabified in this manner, but Type 1 and Type 2 stimuli were not. Instead, /s/ was often placed in the first syllable. These results may mean that /s/ clusters are not legal English onsets. It is widely acknowledged that the set of possible English codas is smaller than the set of word-final consonant clusters. For example, the final /ksθs/ of sixths does not occur at the ends of syllables within a morpheme. The present findings suggest that, similarly, the set of possible English onsets is smaller than the set of word-initial consonant clusters."
}


@article{durvasulaHuang2017,
title = "Word-internal ``ambisyllabic'' consonants are not multiply-linked in American English",
journal = "Language Sciences ",
volume = "62",
pages = "17--36",
year = "2017",
%issn = "0388-0001",
%doi = "http://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2017.03.002",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0388000116300407",
author = "Karthik Durvasula and Ho-Hsin Huang",
keywords = "Ambisyllabic consonants",
keywords = "Syllables",
keywords = "Nasalisation",
keywords = "Devoicing ",
abstract = "Abstract There is an extensive literature on the syllabic affiliations of specific consonants that are typically referred to as ambisyllabic consonants. The standard view of such consonants is that they are multiply-linked to both the preceding and the following syllables (Gussenhoven, 1986; Hayes, 2009; Kahn, 1976, inter alia). In this article, we present the results of a production experiment probing the anticipatory nasalization patterns of nasal consonants with different syllabic affiliations in American English; we also present phonological data about obstruent devoicing patterns from Pennsylvania Dutchified English (PDE). Both lines of evidence suggest that when crucial confounds present in previous studies are removed, word-medial ambisyllabic consonants clearly pattern with word-medial codas and there is no evidence of any “intermediate” behavior. Furthermore, this is true of such consonants following both tense and lax vowels in our results. "
}


@inproceedings{harris2004,
	title = {Release the captive coda: the foot as a domain of phonetic interpretation},
	address = {Cambridge},
	booktitle = {Phonetic Interpretation: Papers in Laboratory Phonology 6},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Harris, John},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {103--129}
}


@inproceedings{steriade1999,
	address = {Prague},
	title = {Alternatives to syllable-based accounts of phonotactics},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1998 {Linguistics} \& {Phonetics} {I}},
	publisher = {Karolinum Press},
	author = {Steriade, Donca},
	editor = {Fujimura, O. and Joseph, B. and Palek, B.},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {205--242}
}


@article{pouplier2012,
	author = {Pouplier, Marianne},
	title = {The gestural approach to syllable structure: universal, language- and cluster-specific aspects},
	booktitle = {Speech planning and dynamics},
	editors = {Susanne Fuchs and Melanie Weirich and Daniel Pape and Pascal Perrier},
	location = {Frankfurt am Main},
	publisher = {Peter Lang},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {63--96}
}

@article{brunner_etal_2014,
	author = {Brunner, Jana and Christian Geng and Stavroula Sotiropoulou and Adamantios Gafos},
	title = {Timing of German onset and word boundary clusters},
	journal = {Laboratory Phonology},
	year = {2014},
	volume = {5},
	pages = {403--454}
}

@article{tilsen_etal_2012,
	author = {Tilsen, Sam and Draga Zec and Christina Bjorndahl and Becky Butler and Marie-Josee L’Esperance and Alison Fisher and Linda Heimisdottir and Margaret Renwick and Chelsea Sanker},
	title = {A cross-linguistic investigation of articulatory coordination in word-initial consonant clusters},
	journal = {Cornell Working Papers in Phonetics and Phonology 2012},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {51--81}
}

@article{mücke_hermes_tilsen_2020, 
	title={Incongruencies between phonological theory and phonetic measurement}, 
	volume={37}, DOI={10.1017/S0952675720000068}, 
	number={1}, 
	journal={Phonology}, 
	publisher={Cambridge University Press}, 
	author={Mücke, Doris and Hermes, Anne and Tilsen, Sam}, 
	year={2020}, 
	pages={133–170}
}

@article{Hermes2013,
    author = {Hermes, Anne and M{\"{u}}cke, Doris and Grice, Martine},
    doi = {10.1017/S095267571300002X},
    issn = {09526757},
    journal = {Phonology},
    number = {1},
    pages = {1--25},
    pmid = {24068784},
    title = {{Gestural coordination of Italian word-initial clusters: The case of 'impure s'}},
    volume = {30},
    year = {2013}
}

@article{pruthiEspywilson2013,
 author = {Pruthi, T. and Espy-Wilson, C.Y.},
 title = {Acoustic parameters for automatic detection of nasal manner},
 journal = {Speech Communication},
 volume = {43},
 number = {3},
 pages = {225--239},
 year = {2014}
}

@article{saltzmanMunhall1989,
author = {Elliot L.   Saltzman  and  Kevin G.   Munhall },
title = {A Dynamical Approach to Gestural Patterning in Speech Production},
journal = {Ecological Psychology},
volume = {1},
number = {4},
pages = {333-382},
year  = {1989},
publisher = {Routledge},
doi = {10.1207/s15326969eco0104\_2},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326969eco0104_2},
eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326969eco0104_2}
}

@article{browman_goldstein_1989, 
title={Articulatory gestures as phonological units}, 
volume={6}, 
DOI={10.1017/S0952675700001019}, 
number={2},
journal={Phonology}, 
publisher={Cambridge University Press}, 
author={Browman, Catherine P. and Goldstein, Louis}, 
year={1989}, 
pages={201–251}}

@article{kelso_etal_1986,
title = "The dynamical perspective on speech production: data and theory",
journal = "Journal of Phonetics",
volume = "14",
number = "1",
pages = "29 - 59",
year = "1986",
issn = "0095-4470",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0095-4470(19)30608-4",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095447019306084",
author = "J.A.S. Kelso and E.L. Saltzman and B. Tuller",
abstract = "Presented here, in preliminary form, is a general theoretical framework that seeks to characterize the lawful regularities in articulatory patterns that occur when people speak. A fundamental construct of the framework is the coordinative structure, an ensemble of articulators that functions cooperatively as a single task-specific unit. Direct evidence for coordinative structures in speech is presented and a control scheme that realizes both the contextually varying and invariant character of their operation is outlined. Importantly, the space – time behavior of a given articulatory gesture is viewed as the outcome of the system’s dynamic parameterization, and the orchestration among gestures is captured in terms of intergestural phase information. Thus, both time and timing are deemed to be intrinsic consequences of the system’s dynamical organization. The implications of this analysis for certain theoretical issues in coarticulation raised by Fowler (Journal of Phonetics, 1980, 8, 113–133) receive a speculative, but empirically testable, treatment. Building on the existence of phase stabilities in speech and other biologically significant activities, we also offer an account of change in articulatory patterns that is based on the nonequilibrium phase transitions treated by the field of synergetics. Rate scaling studies in speech and bimanual activities are shown to be consistent with a synergetic interpretation and suggest a principled decomposition of languages. The CV syllable, for example, is observed to represent a stable articulatory configuration in space–time, thus rationalizing the presence of the CV as a phonological form in all languages. The uniqueness of the present scheme is that stability and change of speech action patterns are seen as different manifestations of the same underlying dynamical principles—the phenomenon observed depends on which region of the parameter space the system occupies. Though probably wrong, ambitious, and the outcome of much idle speculation, the simplicity of the present scheme is attractive and may offer certain unifying themes for the traditionally disparate disciplines of linguistics, phonetics and speech motor control."
}


@article{guenther1995,
title = "A modeling framework for speech motor development and kinematic articulator control",
journal = "Proceedings of the XIII\textsuperscript{th} International Congress of Phonetic Sciences",
volume = "2",
pages = "92--99",
year = "1995",
author = "Frank H. Guenther",
}


@article{guenther_etal_1998,
title = "A Theoretical Investigation of Reference Frames for the Planning of Speech Movements",
journal = "Psychological Review",
volume = "105",
number = "4",
pages = "611--633",
year = "1998",
author = "Frank H. Guenther and Hampson M and Johnson D. A",
doi = "https://doi:10.1037/0033-295x.105.4.611-633"
}

@article{perkell_etal_2000,
title = "A theory of speech motor control and supporting data from speakers with normal hearing and with profound hearing loss",
journal = "Journal of Phonetics",
volume = "28",
number = "3",
pages = "233 - 272",
year = "2000",
issn = "0095-4470",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1006/jpho.2000.0116",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095447000901165",
author = "Joseph S. Perkell and Frank H. Guenther and Harlan Lane and Melanie L. Matthies and Pascal Perrier and Jennell Vick and Reiner Wilhelms-Tricarico and Majid Zandipour",
abstract = "A theory of the segmental component of speech motor control is presented, followed by supporting data. According to the theory, speech movements are programmed to achieve auditory/acoustic goals. The goals are determined partly by “saturation effects”, which are basic characteristics of speakers' production systems that make it possible to produce a sound output that has some relatively stable acoustic properties despite a somewhat variable motor input. The programming of articulatory movements to achieve auditory goals utilizes an internal model (or “mapping”) of relations between articulatory configurations and their acoustic consequences. The internal model is acquired and maintained with the use of auditory feedback. The supporting data for this theory come from experiments on speakers with normal hearing, cochlear implant users and a patient with neurofibromatosis-2."
}


@article{peirce_etal_psychopy_2019,
	title = {PsychoPy2: experiments in behavior made easy},
	journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
	author = {Peirce, J. W. and Gray, J. R. and Simpson, S. and MacAskill, M. R. and H\"ochenberger, R. and Sogo, H. and Kastman, E. and Lindel\o{}v, J. },
	year = {2019},
	doi = {10.3758/s13428-018-01193-y}}

@manual{r-citation,
    title = {R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing},
    author = {{R Development Core Team}},
    organization = {R Foundation for Statistical Computing},
    address = {Vienna, Austria},
    year = {2014},
    note = {{ISBN} 3-900051-07-0},
    url = {http://www.R-project.org}}

@manual{tidyverseManual,
    title = {tidyverse: Easily Install and Load the `Tidyverse'},
    author = {Hadley Wickham},
    year = {2017},
    note = {R package version 1.2.1},
    url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=tidyverse},
  }
  
@article{barr_random_2013,
	title = {Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: {Keep} it maximal},
	volume = {68},
	journal = {Journal of Memory and Language},
	author = {Barr, Dale J. and Levy, Roger and Scheepers, Christoph and Tily, Harry J.},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {255--278}}

@article{bates-etal-lme4-2014,
    title = {Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using {lme4}},
    author = {Douglas Bates and Martin M{\"a}chler and Ben Bolker and
      Steve Walker},
    journal = {Journal of Statistical Software},
    year = {2015},
    volume = {67},
    number = {1},
    pages = {1--48},
    doi = {10.18637/jss.v067.i01}}

@article{burnham_aic_2011,
	title = {{AIC} model selection and multimodel inference in behavioral ecology: some background, observations, and comparisons},
	volume = {65},
	issn = {1432-0762},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-010-1029-6},
	doi = {10.1007/s00265-010-1029-6},
	abstract = {We briefly outline the information-theoretic (I-T) approaches to valid inference including a review of some simple methods for making formal inference from all the hypotheses in the model set (multimodel inference). The I-T approaches can replace the usual t tests and ANOVA tables that are so inferentially limited, but still commonly used. The I-T methods are easy to compute and understand and provide formal measures of the strength of evidence for both the null and alternative hypotheses, given the data. We give an example to highlight the importance of deriving alternative hypotheses and representing these as probability models. Fifteen technical issues are addressed to clarify various points that have appeared incorrectly in the recent literature. We offer several remarks regarding the future of empirical science and data analysis under an I-T framework.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
	author = {Burnham, Kenneth P. and Anderson, David R. and Huyvaert, Kathryn P.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2011},
	pages = {23--35}
}

@article{akaike1974,
	title = {A new look at the statistical model identification},
	year = {1974},
	author = {Akaike, H.},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control},
	volume = {19},
	number = {6},
	pages = {716--723},
	doi = {10.1109/TAC.1974.1100705}}

@article {gelmanLoken2013,
author = {Gelman, Andrew and Loken, Eric},
title = {The garden of forking paths: Why multiple comparisons can be a problem, even when there is no ``fishing expedition'' or ``p-hacking'' and the research hypothesis was posited ahead of time},
year = {2013}
}

@article{simmonsNelsonSimonsohn2011,
author = {Joseph P. Simmons and Leif D. Nelson and Uri Simonsohn},
title ={False-Positive Psychology: Undisclosed Flexibility in Data Collection and Analysis Allows Presenting Anything as Significant},
journal = {Psychological Science},
volume = {22},
number = {11},
pages = {1359-1366},
year = {2011},
doi = {10.1177/0956797611417632},
note ={PMID: 22006061},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611417632},
eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611417632},
abstract = { In this article, we accomplish two things. First, we show that despite empirical psychologists’ nominal endorsement of a low rate of false-positive findings (≤ .05), flexibility in data collection, analysis, and reporting dramatically increases actual false-positive rates. In many cases, a researcher is more likely to falsely find evidence that an effect exists than to correctly find evidence that it does not. We present computer simulations and a pair of actual experiments that demonstrate how unacceptably easy it is to accumulate (and report) statistically significant evidence for a false hypothesis. Second, we suggest a simple, low-cost, and straightforwardly effective disclosure-based solution to this problem. The solution involves six concrete requirements for authors and four guidelines for reviewers, all of which impose a minimal burden on the publication process. }
}

@article{senn2014,
    title = {Mastering variation: variance components and personalised medicine},
    author = {Senn, Stephen},
    journal = {Statistics in Medicine},
    year = {2014},
    volume = {35},
    number = {7},
    pages = {966--977},
    doi = {10.1002/sim.6739},
    url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/sim.6739}
  }
 
@article{nourbakshOttenbacher1994,
    title = {The statistical analysis of single-subject data: a comparative examination},
    author = {Nourbaksh, M.R. and Ottenbacher, K.J.},
    journal = {Physical Therapy},
    year = {1994},
    volume = {74},
    number = {8},
    pages = {768--776}
  }
  
@article{pennForcedAligner,
  title={Speaker identification on the SCOTUS corpus},
  author={Jiahong Yuan and Mark Liberman},
  journal={Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  year={2008},
  volume={123},
  pages={3878-3878}
}

@book{praat,
address = {Version 6.1.09, retrieved 26 January 2020 from from http://www.praat.org/},
author = {Boersma, Paul and Weenink, David},
title = {{Praat: doing Phonetics by Computer [Computer program]}},
year = {2020}
}

@misc{Audacity2015,
author = {Audacity, Team},
title = {{Audacity(R): Free Audio Editor and Recorder [Computer program]}},
url = {audacity.sourceforge.net.},
year = {2015}
}

@misc{JotFormTeam2018,
address = {San Francisco},
author = {{JotForm Team}},
title = {{JotForm Inc.}},
year = {2018}
}

@incollection{zawaydeh1998,
   author = "Zawaydeh, Bushra Adnan",
   title = "Gradient Uvularization Spread in Ammani-Jordanian Arabic",
   booktitle = "Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics",
   publisher = "John Benjamins",
   year = "1998",
   url = "https://www.jbe-platform.com/content/books/9789027275653-cilt.167.09zaw"
}

@article{altamimiEtAl2010,
      author = "Feda al-Tamimi and Khaled Abu-Abbas and Rama Tarawnah",
      title = "Jordanian Arabic Final Geminates: An Experimental Clinical Phonetic Study",
      journal = "Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics",
      year = "2010",
      publisher = "De Gruyter Mouton",
      address = "Berlin, Boston",
      volume = "46",
      number = "2",
      doi = "https://doi.org/10.2478/v10010-010-0006-6",
      pages=      "111 - 125",
      url = "https://www.degruyter.com/view/journals/psicl/46/2/article-p111.xml"
}

@phdthesis{ruthan2020,
	address = {East Lansing, MI, USA},
	type = {Ph.{D}. {Dissertation}},
	title = {Aspects of Jazani Arabic},
	school = {Michigan State University},
	author = {Ruthan, Mohammed},
	year = {2020},
	url = {https://d.lib.msu.edu/etd/48518}
}

@article{hamdi2015,
	title = {Phonological Aspects of Jizani Arabic},
	journal = {International Journal of Language and Linguistics},
	author = {Hamdi, Sami},
	volume = {2},
	number = {6},
	pages = {91--94},
	year = {2015},
	url = {http://ijllnet.com/journals/Vol_2_No_6_December_2015/9.pdf}
}

@phdthesis{lowry2020,
	address = {Essex, UK},
	type = {Ph.{D}. {Dissertation}},
	title = {Language and the negotiation of identity and belonging in Harub, Saudi Arabia},
	school = {University of Essex},
	author = {Lowry, Julie},
	year = {2020},
	url = {http://repository.essex.ac.uk/28895/1/Language%20and%20the%20negotiation%20of%20identity%20and%20belonging%20in%20Harub%2C%20Saudi%20Arabia.pdf}
}

@book{vasilliev2000,
	author = {Vasilliev, Alexei M.},
	title = {The History of Saudi Arabia},
	year = {2000},
	publisher = {New York University Press},
	location = {New York}
}

@article{watson2011,
	author = {Watson, Janet C. E.},
	title = {South Arabian and Yemeni dialects},
	journal= {Salford Working Papers in Linguistics and Applied Linguistics},
	editor = {Howley, Gerry},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {27--40},
	volume = {1}
}

@book{watson2007,
	author = {Watson, Janet C. E.},
	title = {The phonology and morphology of Arabic},
	year = {2007},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	location = {Oxford}
}


@incollection{kiparsky2003,
	booktitle = {The syllable in optimality theory},
	title = {Syllables and moras in Arabic},
	publisher = {Mouton},
	author = {Kiparsky, Paul},
	editors = {C. F\'ery and R. van de Vijver},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {147--182}
}

@book{Cyran2010,
address = {Berlin and New York},
author = {Cyran, E.},
publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
title = {{Complexity scales and licensing in phonology}},
year = {2010}
}

@article{vaux_etal_2020,
title = {Aspiration in English},
volume = {Ms. retrieved from \url{https://www.academia.edu/300605/Aspiration_In_English}},
author = {Vaux, Bert and Paparounas, Lefteris and Martin Renard},
year = {2020}
}

@incollection{ahmedAnderssonVaux2020,
title = {English Phonology and Morphology},
author = {Ahmed, Samuel K. and Andersson, Samuel and Vaux, Bert},
booktitle = {The Handbook of English Linguistics, Second Edition},
editors = {Bas Aarts, April McMahon, and Lars Hinrichs},
year = {2020},
publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}
}

@article{davis1999,
author = {Davis, Stuart},
title = {The parallel distribution of aspirated stops and /h/ in American English.},
journal = {Indiana University Working Papers in Linguistics},
year = {1999},
volume = {1},
pages = {1--10}
}

@book{kramer2009,
title = {The phonology of Italian},
year = {2009},
author = {Kr\"amer, Martin},
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
address = {Oxford}}

@article{davis1987,
author = {Davis, Stuart},
journal = {Proceedings of the Annual Eastern States Conference on Linguistics},
pages = {64--74},
title = {{Italian Onset Structure and the Distribution of ``il'' and ``lo''.}},
year = {1987}
}


@article{dimperioRosenthall1999,
	title={Phonetics and phonology of main stress in Italian}, 
	volume={16}, DOI={10.1017/S0952675799003681}, 
	number={1}, 
	journal={Phonology}, 
	publisher={Cambridge University Press}, 
	author={D'Imperio, Mariapaola and Rosenthall, Sam}, 
	year={1999}, 
	pages={1–28}
}

@book{kenstowiczPhonology1994,
author = {Kenstowicz, Michael. J},
address= {Oxford},
publisher = {Blackwell},
title = {{Phonology in Generative Grammar}},
year = {1994}
}

@book{sievers1881,
   title = {Grundzüge der Phonetik, zur Einführung in das Studium der Lautlehre der indogermanischen Sprachen},
   author = {Sievers, Eduard},
   publisher = {Breitkopf \& Härtel},
   address = {Leipzig},
   year = {1881}
}

@book{jespersen1904,
   title = {Lehrbuch der Phonetik},
   author = {Jespersen, Otto},
   publisher = {Teubner},
   address = {Leipzig \& Berlin},
   year = {1904}
}

@book{hooper1976,
   title = {An Introduction to Natural Generative Phonology},
   author = {Hooper, Joan B.},
   publisher = {Academic Press},
   address = {New York},
   year = {1976}
}

@phdthesis{steriade1982,
	address = {Cambridge, MA},
	type = {Ph.{D}. {Dissertation}},
	title = {Greek prosodies and the nature of syllabification},
	school = {MIT},
	author = {Steriade, Donca},
	year = {1982},
	url = {http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/dm/theses/steriade82.pdf}
}

@book{nesporVogel1986,
	address = {Dordrecht},
	title = {Prosodic {Phonology}},
	publisher = {Foris},
	author = {Nespor, Marina and Vogel, Irene},
	year = {1986}
}

@incollection{bolozky1997,
	author = {Bolozky, Shmuel},
	title = {Israeli Hebrew phonology},
	pages = {287--311},
	year = {1997},
	booktitle = {Phonologies of Asia and Africa (including the Caucasus). Vol. 1},
	editors = {A. S. Kaye},
	publisher = {Eisenbrauns},
	location = {Winona Lake, Ind.}
}

@book{Wiese1996,
	author = {Wiese, Richard},
	publisher = {Clarendon},
	location = {Oxford},
	title = {The Phonology of German},
	year = {1996}
}

@article{lowenstamm1981,
 ISSN = {00243892, 15309150},
 URL = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/4178244},
 author = {Jean Lowenstamm},
 journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
 number = {4},
 pages = {575--604},
 publisher = {MIT Press},
 title = {On the Maximal Cluster Approach to Syllable Structure},
 volume = {12},
 year = {1981}
}

@article{turkShattuckHufnagel2007,
title = "Multiple targets of phrase-final lengthening in American English words",
journal = "Journal of Phonetics",
volume = "35",
number = "4",
pages = "445 - 472",
year = "2007",
issn = "0095-4470",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2006.12.001",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095447006000659",
author = "Alice E. Turk and Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel"
}

@article{klatt1975,
title = "Vowel lengthening is syntactically determined in a connected discourse",
journal = "Journal of Phonetics",
volume = "3",
number = "3",
pages = "129 - 140",
year = "1975",
issn = "0095-4470",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0095-4470(19)31360-9",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095447019313609",
author = "Dennis H. Klatt",
abstract = "Broad-band spectrograms were made of a connected discourse read by a single speaker of American English. Segmental durations were measured for each segment type in stressed and unstressed environments. Median durations were tabulated and deviations from the medians have been studied. Segments significantly longer than their median duration were found to mark the ends of major syntactic units, including the boundary between a noun phrase and a verb phrase. Vowels in phrase-final syllables are 40 ms longer on the average than in other positions. Further analysis indicates that the postvocalic consonant has a small influence on vowel duration except in phrase-final syllables. There is a slight tendency for word-final syllables to be longer than word-initial and medial syllables."
}


%@incollection{,
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%	editor = {},
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%}

%@article{,
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